Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 - NCERT Solution

 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 - NCERT Solution

Explore the complexities of Nazism and Hitler's ascent with Class 9 NCERT Solutions. Dive into the historical context, from the Enabling Act to the creation of a racial state, and understand the impact of propaganda and dictatorship. Access comprehensive study materials and unravel the intricacies of this pivotal era.

Q.1. Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic. [CBSE Sept. 2011]

Or

Explain any five drawbacks of the Weimar Constitution. (CBSE Sept. 2011, 12]

Ans. 

Formation of the Weimar Republic

• Formed after World War I.
• Not favored by many Germans due to acceptance of Versailles terms.

Challenges Faced by the Weimar Republic

(i) November Criminals

• Mockingly called so for accepting the Versailles Treaty terms.
• Targeted by conservative nationalist groups.

(ii) Impact of Russian Revolution

• Weimar Republic's birth coincided with the Russian Revolution.
• Rising demand for Soviet-style governance among Germans.

(iii) Economic Crisis

War fought largely on loans, leading to economic strain.

Refusal to pay war reparations led to French occupation of Ruhr.

Germany's passive resistance and reckless printing of currency led to hyperinflation.

(iv) Great Depression's Impact

• The German economy was severely affected.
• Industrial production reduced to 40% by 1932.
• Over 6 million people unemployed.
• High inflation rate.

(v) Political Instability

• The Weimar constitution had inherent defects.
• Vulnerable to dictatorship due to instability.

Q.2.Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930. [CBSE Sept. 2013]

Or

Explain three factors which led to the rise of Hitler in Germany. (CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]

Ans. 

Political Instability

• Weimar Republic (1919-1933) saw 21 coalition governments, indicating instability.
• Democracy failed to provide relief, adding to people’s discontent.

Reaction to Treaty of Versailles

• Imposed humiliating terms on Germany.
• Included huge war penalties, ceding territory, and disbanding armies.
• Seen as national disgrace and betrayal by many Germans.

Economic Disaster

• Unemployment, inflation, and price rise.
• Ruin of trade and industry worsened by global depression.

Threat of Communism

• Communist attempts to stage a revolution.
• German capitalists supported Hitler’s Nazi party as it opposed socialism.

Hitler’s Influence

• Dynamic, influential, and charming personality.
• Skilled organizer, excellent orator, and hard worker.
• Convincing logic and emotional appeals swayed people.

Q.3: Evaluate peculiar features of Nazi thinking.

Or

What were the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?

Ans:  Principles and Aims of Nazism

(i) Totalitarian State: Belief that people exist for the State, not the other way around.

(ii) Suppressing Opposition: Intolerance of criticism or opposition.No party formation other than Hitler's own.

(iii) End of Parliamentary Institutions: Aim to abolish parliamentary institutions and democratic propaganda.

(iv) Control of Media and Education: Full control over education, press, radio, and other forms of media.

(v) Crushing Communism and Liberalism: Goal to eliminate communism and liberalism.

(vi) Anti-Semitic Policies: Expulsion of Jews from Germany, blaming them for hardships during World War I.

(vii) Rejection of Treaty of Versailles: 

• Denouncement of Treaty of Versailles as disgraceful.
• Desire to regain lost or ceded German territories.

Q.4. Explain why the Nazi propaganda was effective in creating a hatred for the Jews.

Ans.

Traditional Christian Role

• Jews faced severe persecution in Nazi Germany.
• Nazi hatred of Jews rooted in traditional Christian hostility.
• Jews stereotyped as Christ killers and usurers.

Influence of Darwinian Theories:

• Nazis used Darwin and Spencer's theories to justify hatred.
• Jews considered inferior race, undeserving of survival.

Propaganda in Education:

• Nazis began propaganda in schools, dismissing Jewish teachers.
• Textbooks rewritten to align with Nazi racial ideology.

Propaganda in Homes

• Emphasis on motherhood to promote Nazi ideals.
• Girls taught to preserve racial purity, mothers to instill Nazi values.
• Punishments for those maintaining contact with Jews.

Propaganda in Media:

• Carefully crafted language and media used to propagate anti-Semitic ideas.
• Visual images, films, radio used to depict Jews as pests and rats.

Use of Code Words: 

Nazis used code words to hide atrocities, e.g., mass killing termed "special treatment."

Q.5. Explain what role women had in the Nazi society. Return to Chapter 1 on the French Revolution. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods.

Or

Analyse the role of women in the Nazi society. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Or

Explain the role of women in Nazi Germany. ICBSE Sept. 2011]

Ans.

Role of women in France

Role of women in the Nazi society

1. Women played an important role in the French Revolution. They took an equal part in social and political developments of their country. 2 Most of the women had to work for a living along with their men. 3. Women had their political clubs and newspapers to voice their interests. 4. Both men and women were treated equal. 5. French women were free to change their partners.

1. The Nazi society was against the democratic rights of women. They thought that it was wrong on the part of women to demand their rights and the rights or democratic struggle of women can destroy society. 2. Women were not allowed to work along with men. 3. No political clubs or organisations were allowed to work in Nazi Germany. 4. Women were given different type of education. They were considered the bearers of the Aryan culture and race. 5. There was a code of conduct for the women. They were not allowed to mix with the Jews.

Q.6. In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish a total control over its people ?

ICBSE Sept. 2012]

Or

What were the main effects of Nazi rule on Germany ?

[CBSE Sept. 2010, 14]

Or

Hitler's Germany is reputed as the most dreaded criminal state.' Justify the statement with five facts. [CBSE 2015]

Ans. . 

Establishment of Nazi Dictatorship

• Hitler passed the Enabling Act, establishing dictatorship.
• All political parties except the Nazi party were banned.
• State took control of economy, media, army, and judiciary.

Surveillance and Security Forces

• Special forces created to control society.
• Included Gestapo (secret police), SS (protection squads), and others.
• Regular police and SA (Storm Troopers) also used.

Creation of Racial State

• Nazis aimed to create a pure German racial community.
• Physically eliminated those deemed ‘undesirable.’

Control over Education

• Education system placed under state control.
• Textbooks rewritten to promote Nazism.
• Racial science used to justify racial ideas.
• Jews expelled from schools.

Nazi Cult of Motherhood

• Women taught distinct roles from men.
• Code of conduct enforced, avoiding contact with Jews.
• Violators punished.

Use of Media and Propaganda

• Media used to gain support and spread Nazi ideology.
• Visual images, films, radio, posters, slogans, and leaflets used for propaganda.